While tasting and enjoying wine will always be a personal and subjective experience, wine education opens a whole new world of understanding by demystifying the objectivity of how characteristics of individual grape varieties, climate, vineyard management approaches, and winemaking techniques all culminate to create what’s in your glass.
A Guide to The Wine Certification Program
That’s Right for You
Even if the wine industry isn’t your professional field, many wine enthusiasts find themselves drawn to seek wine education and certification. Once you begin scratching the surface of what’s in your stemware, you become aware of how deep and broad the world of wine is. It’s a vast body of knowledge that is always evolving—an exciting prospect for someone who loves learning!
What Are Your Wine Goals?
The organization you choose to learn with depends on your goals. Some programs are specifically designed for wine industry professionals, others are geared toward a broader student base of professionals and non-professional wine lovers alike.
Wine Enthusiast
Are you an enthusiast who wants a deeper understanding of grape varieties and regions so you can navigate a wine list and the shelves of a bottle shop more confidently? A solid understanding of grape varieties and wine regions, and the basics of food and wine pairing are keys that will unlock a new world of enjoyment and wine appreciation.
Wine Industry Professional
Are you interested in a career in the wine industry? If so, what aspect? There are many opportunities in the areas of sales, service, winemaking, and viticulture. Deepening your knowledge and gaining wine certification from a recognized and respected standard can further your career.
The Truth About Wine Study
What does wine education entail? You may be surprised to know that much of your time as a wine student consists of reading and note-taking rather than wine tasting. Wine theory covers topics such as agriculture, geography, climate and weather, world wine regions with their laws, rules, and regulations, and finally, specific grape varieties and wine styles around the world. Much of a wine student’s study time is filled with tracing and filling in blank wine maps, creating stacks of flashcards, and quizzing yourself until you’re cross-eyed.
Many entry-level courses require no personal study time outside of class, while other more advanced courses require a considerable study time commitment of 20+ hours per week. Regardless of whether your wine education journey is introductory or expert-level, one thing is for sure—it requires a fervent passion for wine. If all you have right now is a deep love for wine, you’re already on the right track!
5 Wine Certification Organizations
Here is a breakdown of just 5 of the major players in the world of wine education whose certifications are highly respected:
Wine and Spirit Education Trust (WSET)
Wine certification courses offered through WSET are ideal for both wine enthusiasts and professionals. Students are not required to work in the wine industry or in a hospitality-oriented role for any of their courses—ideal for non-professionals pursuing wine knowledge and credentials.
The academically-structured courses set the student up for success by offering all the resources needed through the materials and classes provided. Course and exam expectations are very clearly outlined. Levels 1 and 2 have multiple choice exams. The Level 3 exam includes 3 parts: multiple choice, short written answers, and introduces a tasting evaluation component to the exam (with the WSET’s Systematic Approach to Tasting [SAT]). The Level 4 Diploma exams do not include multiple choice questions but have essay-style questions, three of the modules include tasting evaluations, and there is also an independent research paper.
- Level 1: This introductory level palate-expanding course is open to all wine lovers and professionals. It’s ideal for someone who is interested in learning about the most common and important grape varieties and wine regions around the world. Learn the basics of wine tasting and food and wine pairing to gain confidence when navigating a wine list. This fun course will likely ignite a passion to explore new wines, and even pursue more wine education—you’ve been warned! 😉 This course’s exam has a 95% pass rate.
- Level 2: WSET’s Level 2 course builds on the core knowledge gained from Level 1 (however, there is no prerequisite for this course) by adding 14 more grape varieties, and digging deeper into understanding vineyard management, winemaking, and world wine regions and their regulations. Level 2 is where the student really begins to hone their wine tasting and evaluation skills. The pass rate for this exam is 85%.
- Exam grading for Levels 1 & 2 is as follows:
- A score of 85% and above: Pass with Distinction
- A score of between 70% and 84%: Pass with Merit
- A score of between 55% and 69%: Pass
- Exam grading for Levels 1 & 2 is as follows:
- Level 3: This is considered an advanced course where the student begins to make connections with the different aspects of the growing and winemaking processes that affect the wine’s style, quality, and price. Knowledge of grape varieties and wine regions is deepened further, and the use of the SAT is further honed as more advanced tasting skills become second nature for the student. There is still no official prerequisite for this course, but it is assumed that the student has wine knowledge equivalent to WSET Level 2 at the beginning. The Level 3 exam pass rate is 65%—very telling of the significant jump in the course’s level of difficulty.
- Exam grading for Level 3 is as follows:
- An aggregate score of 80% and above with no individual examination paper below 65%: Pass with Distinction
- An aggregate score of between 65% and 79%: Pass with Merit
- An aggregate score of between 55% and 64%: Pass
- Exam grading for Level 3 is as follows:
- Diploma (Level 4): The Level 4 Diploma is WSET’s highest certification. This course of study is taken in multiple modules, and the student has 3 years to complete all 6 once they declare candidacy. Successfully passing Level 3 is a prerequisite for the Diploma program. The program is designed to give expert-level knowledge in wine production, business, numerous wine regions and their styles, in addition to honing advanced-level tasting skills. After successful completion of this rigorous course, the Diploma graduate is eligible to apply to the Master of Wine program through the Institute of Masters of Wine.
- Exam grading for each Diploma exam is as follows:
- A score of 75% and above: Pass with Distinction
- A score of between 65% and 74%: Pass with Merit
- A score of between 55% and 64%: Pass
- Exam grading for each Diploma exam is as follows:
The WSET offers well-structured courses for any type of student, with a very transparent path to success.
Court of Master Sommeliers (CMS)
Something that sets CMS apart from other organizations is that in addition to wine education, other topics that are emphasized making this course of study unique are service, beer, sake, and spirits. This is an excellent organization for the wine professional who intends to work in a capacity that includes aspects of on-premise beverage service. The CMS teaches a very in-depth method of wine tasting just as WSET does. Their wine-tasting approach uses a deductive tasting format to guide and codify the blind tasting process.
Aside from the Introductory course, CMS designations are for wine professionals seeking to further their sales and service-oriented wine careers. If you would like to pursue designations within the CMS, you must start with their Introductory course and move forward from there.
- Introductory Sommelier: This course is open to all wine professionals and enthusiasts (no prerequisites) and offers entry-level information about wine service, regions, grape varieties, sake, spirits, and beer. The exam is multiple choice. It’s a great course for anyone who is passionate about wine to give you a glimpse into the world of wine education.
- The minimum passing score for this exam is 60%.
- Certified Sommelier: You must have passed the Introductory exam within 3 years, and it is recommended to have at least 3 years of wine industry experience. This course emphasizes proficiency in deductive tasting, wine and beverage theory, salesmanship, and tableside wine service. The exam is 3-part: tasting, theory, and service.
- The minimum passing score for each section of this exam is 60%.
- Advanced Sommelier: You must have passed the Certified Sommelier exam, have at least 2 years of restaurant experience in a service position, and be currently employed in the restaurant/hospitality/beverage industry. This course offers a greater depth of knowledge in the field of beverage sales and service, in addition to a deeper knowledge of world wine regions. This exam also has 3 parts: tasting, theory, and service.
- The minimum passing score for each part of this exam is 60%.
- Master Sommelier Diploma: You must pass the Advanced Sommelier exam, and be accepted after applying, are eligible to take the Master Sommelier Diploma exam. There is not a structured course provided for this prestigious designation. Studying for this rigorous exam (considered one of the most challenging exams in the world) is self-guided by the passionate wine professional pursuing the prestigious designation. Master Sommelier exam has a pass rate of approximately 10%. There are only 172 Master Sommeliers in the United States (269 worldwide).
- The minimum passing score for each part of this exam is 75%.
Aside from the Introductory course, CMS designations are for wine professionals seeking to further their sales and service-oriented wine careers. If you are already working as a wine professional or plan to be, and you are a disciplined, self-motivated learner, this course of study may be right for you.
The CMS offers a wide variety of wine education resources through membership to its education platform, GuildSomm. Membership to GuildSomm is open to the public.
Society of Wine Educators (SWE)
The Society of Wine Educators is a highly-regarded institution that was founded in 1977 and its goal, as the name suggests, is to teach and train future educators. This in-depth focus on preparing to educate is a unique quality of SWE. In addition to the certifications listed below, the SWE offers additional courses in spirits education (we will only review the certifications specific to wine education here). SWE provides a clear path to successfully passing exams and provides all tools and materials needed for success.
Students who successfully pass the CSW and SWE exams not only learn wine theory and wine tasting skills, but presentation skills, keys to successful restaurant service, and the ability to eloquently pass on their knowledge through engaging wine classes and tastings.
Even though this organization is geared toward educating the educator, you do not need to be an educator or a wine industry professional to pursue certification through SWE.
- Hospitality/Beverage Specialist Certificate (HBSC): This is an entry-level beverage program designed to provide foundational knowledge for individuals seeking roles in the culinary and hospitality industries. This self-study course covers all beverages, not only wine, as well as beverage service standards. Students learn how to evaluate wine and write high-quality tasting notes, and how to be responsible for a customer’s alcohol consumption. The SWE has been recognized as an ACFEF (American Culinary Federation Education Foundation)—very helpful for culinary students seeking ACF-accredited education.
- The minimum passing score for this exam is 75%.
- Certified Specialist of Wine (CSW): This rigorous 12-week, intermediate level course provides in-depth education exploring key elements of wine production and viticulture. Specific topics tested include physiology of taste, wine composition and chemistry, faults, viticulture and enology, labels, laws and wine regions, the US wine industry, wine’s contribution to health, wine etiquette and service, food and wine pairing, and responsible beverage alcohol service. The exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions.
- The minimum passing score for this exam is 75%.
- Certified Wine Educator (CWE): Candidates for the CWE program need to acquire a profound and deep knowledge of most aspects of the world of wine—the CSW certification is a prerequisite for the CWE program. The same specific topics covered in the CSW exam are covered in the CWE exam but in greater depth. The theory aspect of this course is self-study. The CWE exam includes a theory exam, two blind tasting exams, and a presentation skills demonstration. All educational resources necessary to assist candidates to prepare for this challenging exam are provided through the SWE.
- The minimum passing score for each section of this exam is 75%.
You may become a member of the SWE without enrolling in a course to gain access to their library of wine education resources of study guides, flashcards, map exercises, and more.
Wine Scholar Guild (WSG)
The Wine Scholar Guild offers deep-dive certification courses that cover wines of one specific country. These courses offer detailed supplemental education to other courses that offer a broad body of knowledge such as from WSET and CMS—it does not replace them.
Their programs of study are broken down into two different categories:
- Wine Scholar (France, Italy, Spain): Scholar-level programs help intermediate to advanced wine students understand the key regions of France, Italy, and Spain in greater detail. They are considered valuable supplemental programs for students who have completed WSET Level 3, CMS Certified Sommelier, and CWE Certified Specialist of Wine. The exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions.
- Wine Scholar exam grading is as follows:
- 75-84%: Pass
- 85-90%: Pass with Honors
- 91% and above: Pass with Highest Honors
- Wine Scholar exam grading is as follows:
- Master-Level Programs (Bourgogne, Bordeaux, Champagne, Loire): Master-level programs offer wine education under the mentorship of true regional experts, allowing advanced wine students to master the complexities of the world’s benchmark regions. These programs are considered a valuable supplement for students seeking WSET Diploma, CMS Advanced Sommelier or Master Sommelier, SWE Certified Wine Educator, or Institute of Masters of Wine Master of Wine credentials. The Master-Level exams consist of 50 multiple-choice questions, 4 short-answer questions, and 1 map exercise.
- The minimum aggregate passing score for Master-Level exams is 75%.
Similarly to SWE, anyone can sign up for a membership with WSG without enrolling in a course. Membership offers access to their library of wine education resources, including blank regional maps, webinars, and study guides.
Institute of Masters of Wine (IMW)
There are two wine designations that are considered the highest achievement in the arena of wine education: Master of Wine and Master Sommelier through CMS. This program through the IMW is designed for serious wine professionals who intend to further their careers as major players in the global wine industry. MWs are renowned tasters who are regularly asked to judge competitions, lecture on wine courses, lead tastings, and asses some of the world’s finest private cellars. Currently, there are 415 MWs based in 30 countries.
- Master of Wine (MW): The key requirements for this program are at least 3 years of wine industry experience at the time of application, successfully passing the WSET Diploma program (or its equivalent), having a recommendation from a Masters of Wine or another senior wine trade professional, and passing their entrance exam. The rigorous MW program is comprised of 3 stages to be completed in no less than 3 years. The IMW provides an MW mentor and a structured syllabus for this intense, expert-level program. The exacting standards of the MW exam involve a series of 5 theory papers, and 12 blind-tasting exams, in addition to an individual research paper of 6,000 to 10,000 words. This program is akin to earning a Ph.D, and the pass rate hovers around 10%.
- There are not published passing scores for the MW exams, but you must successful pass the assessment for each stage before starting the course of study for the next.
The IMW offers tastings, seminars, and an international symposium. These opportunities are open for anyone to attend—you don’t have to be an MW or candidate to join in.
Seek Recommendations
Reach out to individuals who hold certifications from the organizations you’re considering taking a course. Their experienced insight can help guide your decision.
Many of our team members at Vinum 55 hold certified designations from different wine education organizations. Here is what a few of our team members had to say about their wine education experiences:
“I did my intro through Court of Masters because of my passion for wine. I didn’t have experience with serving in restaurants at the time but it helped me find Vinum 55 and I’m so glad.”
—Sandra Scott, Assistant Cellar Manager, Vinum 55 Scottsdale
“Earning my Certification as a Sommelier was one of my life highlights. The assessment was terrifying but at the same time rewarding. It is something I can hold onto forever!”
—Jordan White, Vinum 55 Logistics & Operations
“I first became passionate about wine when I moved to Boston and began serving at Legal Sea Foods. Sandy Block, vice president of beverage operations at Legal Sea Foods and Master of Wine sparked that interest. His humble approach and basic but very precise descriptions and pairings opened my eyes to something new. I was invited to join a 6-week beverage course that was catered specifically for restaurants and pairings led by him. It was fascinating, fun, and not pretentious as I had previously thought.
Fast forward to my career with Vinum 55 and that passion re-ignited. I completed my WSET 2 course and more recently CMS Level 1. I look forward to continuing both paths although I feel the WSET program is more approachable and relatable on all levels, from professional to personal collecting.”
—Chris Dirren, Cellar Manager, Vinum 55 Phoenix
“My journey through CMS 1 has reminded me of the importance of wine service standards and that knowing the grapes and regions is one thing but how to present and pour is a skill in itself as well!”
—Matt Vandegriff, Assistant Cellar Manager, Vinum 55 Phoenix
“I had the pleasure of training with two incredible Master Sommeliers, Peter Neptune for my WSET II course, and Michael B. Jordan, for my CMS I course. The WSET course in 2014 was intimate and helped my confidence a great deal when it came to regional wine knowledge. The CMS I course was in 2015 and greatly challenged my service and presentation skills in front of a large group of my peers. I look forward to studying for WSET III in the near future!”
—Jon Smith, Vinum 55 Logistics Manager
“I took my intro somm because I wanted to expand my knowledge and be more attractive to employers in the distributor world. After many years in restaurants as a buyer it was not challenging and nice to have the accreditation. After starting at a distributor I began WSET II wine and spirits. It was similar to intro somm and required little effort. Looking forward to WSET III.”
—Mike Dodgen, Vinum 55 Wine Director
“I had run successful wine lists for 2 different Houstons locations before I achieved my first wine certification. When I was serving at Tarbell’s, I got my first certification in wine, the Certified Specialist of Wine. This opened my eyes to the world of wine in a different way. Previously, I knew I could taste wine and run a program financially but had not studied it specifically. This led to my career with Vinum 55 and a passion I didn’t realize I had.
The next certification I achieved was Intro Level and Certified Sommelier via the Court of Masters Sommeliers. This was a totally different approach as this is a service-based certification. My more than 20 years of restaurant service came in handy in passing the service portion of the exam. Certified Sommelier is probably the most recognized wine certification.
WSET 2 was a very easy exam for me, having taken the previous 3 exams. I feel WSET is a great program for any wine collector to plug into to expand wine knowledge as an accompaniment to wine collecting.”
—Raini Keyser, Vinum 55 General Manager
Regardless of whether you’re a wine industry professional or an enthusiast, wine education is a valuable and enriching experience—and it may be the only way to quench your thirst for more knowledge!





